Maira Bezerra\u2019s training as a scientist began early.\u00a0<\/p>\n
As the daughter of scientists \u2014 dad was a geologist, mom was a biology teacher \u2014 Bezerra\u2019s childhood revolved around understanding how the world works. Questions like \u201cWhat are plate tectonics?\u201d were common at the dinner table. These early curiosities, along with outdoor adventures in her native Brazil, cemented her love for nature.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Now, as Conservation International\u2019s lead freshwater scientist, Bezerra channels her passion into protecting the rivers, lakes and wetlands that are the lifeblood of the planet.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Speaking with Conservation News, Bezerra shared how her childhood inspired her career, why fresh water often gets overlooked in conservation and why she embraces a bit of pessimism \u2014 even as she fights for a better future.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Conservation News: You love nature; did you always want to work in conservation?\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/strong>Maira Bezerra:<\/strong> My path is full of twists and turns. For most of my childhood, I wanted to be a dentist. I\u2019d swab cells from inside my cheek and examine them under the microscopes in my mom\u2019s lab. I was fascinated! After deciding I didn\u2019t want to be a dentist, I briefly thought I\u2019d be a doctor \u2014 until I realized I don\u2019t like blood.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n But what I did like was studying DNA. Specifically, genetically modified organisms \u2014 the complexity and possibilities of it captured my imagination. So, I pursued agricultural engineering because it was the only path to study that at university. At the time, one of my agronomy professors said something that stuck with me. He said that because agriculture is doing so much damage to the environment \u2014 particularly through the excessive use and pollution of water \u2014 there is no better expert than an agronomist to think of solutions. Yet in my studies, it felt like fresh water was never given the attention it deserved. I thought back on my childhood and love for rivers and streams, and I made my final pivot into freshwater science.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n You now lead Conservation International\u2019s freshwater science team \u2014 what are the biggest threats to freshwater ecosystems?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/strong>MB<\/strong>: It\u2019s a long list, we\u2019ll only touch on a few. Let\u2019s start with water quality, which is threatened by agriculture and urbanization. When a forest is converted into agricultural lands, for example, high levels of nitrogen and other nutrients from fertilizers wash into streams, rivers and lakes, harming aquatic life and fueling algae blooms. Agriculture is also a huge water guzzler \u2014 70 percent<\/a> of water worldwide is used to irrigate crops, which can cause critical rivers and lakes to run dry<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n The destruction of wetlands is another major concern. They are the planet\u2019s most threatened ecosystem<\/a>, disappearing three times faster than forests. Thirty-five percent of Earth\u2019s wetlands have been lost in the last 50 years alone due to agriculture, pollution, invasive species and overfishing.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n Of course, climate change will only put more pressure on freshwater ecosystems. As it transforms weather and rainfall patterns around the world, some places are experiencing extreme, years-long <\/span> Despite these current and looming challenges, fresh water still is often overlooked and receives only a fraction of the attention \u2014 and funding \u2014 dedicated to nature conservation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Why is that?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/strong>MB:<\/strong> It\u2019s easy to take water for granted because many people just need to turn on the tap and water flows. We don\u2019t see where it\u2019s coming from, it\u2019s just always there. But the truth is water is a finite resource \u2014 less than 3 percent<\/a> of the water on the planet is fresh and the majority of that is locked away in glaciers and ice caps or buried deep in the soil.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n What also often gets lost in the conversation is that ecosystems are connected. You can’t conserve forests and oceans without also protecting fresh water. Take the Amazon rainforest \u2014 parts of which are currently suffering through the worst drought<\/a> ever recorded. While the forest gets most of the attention, it wouldn\u2019t exist without an incredibly complex watershed. And think of coastal areas \u2014 you can have all the protections you want, but if the river that feeds into it is polluted, that counts for little.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n One of our tasks as freshwater scientists is to make these connections more visible so we can better plan for an uncertain future and the ripple effects of climate change.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n <\/strong>MB:<\/strong> I\u2019ll give you an example<\/a>. In Mexico City, there is an ancient wetland system of lakes and canals built by the Aztecs to grow crops. Essentially, these mini floating farms have the potential to produce a quarter of Mexico City\u2019s food. These wetlands are also the only place on Earth where you can find the endangered<\/a> axolotl, a cute and charismatic salamander. Unfortunately, over the years, this ecosystem has been drained and polluted. Conservation International is helping restore it by supporting farmers\u2019 transition to pesticide-free farming and helping install biofilters to clean the water so these waters can thrive into the future.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n What drives you to do this work?\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/strong>MB:<\/strong> Don\u2019t tell anyone, but I\u2019m actually a pessimist. And yet I wake up most days with an internal fire that makes me want to continue \u2014 even though I don\u2019t fully understand where it comes from. I suspect it goes back to my childhood and my fascination with nature. Understanding nature is what made me connect with my loved ones so deeply.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Even though we are an intimate part of nature, humans tend to think of ourselves as separate. But that\u2019s not so. Nature is suffering and so we are suffering as well. It\u2019s only by going back and learning about humanity\u2019s deep connection to nature that we are going to be able to stop this suffering and live in harmony. If I can contribute even a little in this direction, then that is a great motive for me to continue doing what I\u2019m doing.<\/span><\/p>\n Further reading:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Mary Kate McCoy is a staff writer at Conservation International. Want to read more stories like this? Sign up for email updates<\/a>. Also, please consider supporting our critical work<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"\/](\"https:\/\/ciorg.imgix.net\/images\/default-source\/non-vault-images\/maira?&auto=compress&auto=format&fit=crop?&auto=compress&auto=format&w=800\")
\n![\"\"\/](\"https:\/\/ciorg.imgix.net\/images\/default-source\/non-vault-images\/maira-portrait?&auto=compress&auto=format&fit=crop?&auto=compress&auto=format&w=800\")
Bezerra in the Paramo ecosystem in Colombia. \u00a9 Maira Bezerra <\/h6>\n
\n droughts<\/a>, while other places are facing catastrophic <\/span>
\n thousand-year floods<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span>\n <\/p>\n